On November 7, 2024, the Mediterranean Migration and Asylum Policy Hub, hosted a webinar to discuss the Italy-Albania Migration Protocol. This arrangement between the two countries aims to address irregular migration through the establishment of Italian-operated migration centers in Albania. Experts from both sides of the Adriatic shared insights into the legal, political, and humanitarian dimensions of the agreement, shedding light on its implications for migration management and European asylum policies. The webinar was organized in light of MedMA’s publication of the policy study “Offshoring Migration- Risking Rights”.

Key Themes of Discussion
1. Externalization of Migration Management: The Protocol signifies a major shift in governance, relocating migration responsibilities to non-EU territories. While Italy retains control over the operations at these centers, the arrangement brings to the forefront questions of sovereignty and the interplay between national and regional policies.
2. Legal Complexities and Sovereignty Concerns: Although Albania’s Constitutional Court upheld the Protocol, its provisions on dual jurisdiction remain a source of debate. Hektor Ruci voiced concerns about reduced Albanian sovereignty and the potential legal challenges stemming from overlapping jurisdictions.
3. Implications for Human Rights: The Protocol’s impact on fundamental rights has drawn significant scrutiny. Migrants detained in Albania under Italian jurisdiction face uncertainties regarding legal representation, healthcare, and fair asylum procedures. Professor Eda Gemi raised questions about Albania’s capacity to meet these obligations, given its weak asylum framework.
4. Alignment with EU Migration Policies: Professor Mario Savino discussed how the Protocol aligns with the EU’s Migration Pact, particularly its requirements for border procedures. However, unresolved issues, including the designation of safe third countries and the adequacy of detention facilities, cast doubt on the agreement’s compliance with EU standards.

You may watch the recording here: